Substance use or criminal acts can be among those behaviours

The lack of coping skills, like problem-solving and emotion regulation, have been observed to be at the core of substance use issues.
If not addressed in the scope of the rehabilitation process, the deficit of this kind of skills can quickly lead to re-offending.

​Justice Systems find it challenging to respond to the needs of refugee offenders, essentially due to the language barrier

In 2011, the Council of Europe adopted the Recommendation on Probation about the accessibility of the health system: "Barriers to the accessibility of health services may have to be removed in order to help migrants find their way in the health system".

In the same Recommendation, it is stated: "Consideration should be given to all available methods of reducing language barriers, including translation by telephone and video, face-to-face interpretation, the provision of "intercultural mediators" and helping migrants to learn the language of the host country.

Since confidentiality is an ethical concern that needs to be considered in individual interventions, the probation system cannot use the translation option in the recommended way, and the system needs to find a solution